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Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing—A trend in manufacturing development

Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第4期页码 325-327 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0402-1

摘要：

Manufacturing is the foundation of a nation’s economy. It is the primary industry to promote economic and social development. To accelerate and upgrade China’s manufacturing sector from “precision manufacturing” to “high-performance and high-quality manufacturing”, a new breakthrough should be found in terms of achieving a “leap-frog development”. Unlike conventional manufacturing, the fundamental theory of “Manufacturing 3.0” is beyond the scope of conventional theory; rather, it is based on new principles and theories at the atomic and/or close-to-atomic scale. Obtaining a dominant role at the international level is a strategic move for China’s progress.

关键词： atomic manufacturing Manufacturing 3.0 Manufacturing 2025 Industry 4.0

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可信3.0战略：可信计算的革命性演变

沈昌祥,张大伟,刘吉强、叶珩、邱硕

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 53-57 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.011

摘要：通过对现有防御体系建设现状和存在问题的剖析，以及可信计算的演变历程，提出了用可信3.0构建主动防御体系的思想，进一步给出了可信3.0主动防御在云计算中的应用，并针对网络安全动态变化存在的问题给出了切实可行的主动防御实施建议

关键词：可信3.0 主动防御主动免疫等级保护防护框架

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创新设计竞争力战略研究

“创新设计竞争力研究”综合组

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 100-110 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.015

摘要： p style="text-align: justify;">本文以我国从“制造大国”向“创造大国”转变的战略需求出发，阐述了在知识网络时代背景下，设计3.0

关键词：设计3.0 创新设计设计竞争力

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Upgrading to urban water system 3.0 through sponge city construction

Nanqi Ren, Qian Wang, Qiuru Wang, Hong Huang, Xiuheng Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0960-4

摘要： Urban water system 3.0 (Blue, gray, brown and yellow arrows represent water flow, wastewater flow, resource and energy respectively) Facing the pressure of excessive water consumption, high pollution load and rainstorm waterlogging, linear and centralized urban water system, system 2.0, as well as traditional governance measures gradually exposed characters of water-sensitivity, vulnerability and unsustainability, subsequently resulting in a full-blown crisis of water shortage, water pollution and waterlogging. To systematically relieve such crisis, we established healthy urban water-cycling system 3.0, in which decentralized sewerage systems, spongy infrastructures and ecological rivers play critical roles. Through unconventional water resource recycling, whole process control of pollutions and ecological restoration, system 3.0 with integrated management measures, is expected to fit for multiple purposes which involve environmental, ecological, economic and social benefits. With advantages of flexibility, resilience and sustainability, water system 3.0 will show an increasingly powerful vitality in the near future.

关键词： Water crisis Urban water system Spongy city Decentralized system Multi-purpose

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ARGs-OAP v3.0——抗生素耐药基因数据库的筛选和分析流程优化 Article

Xiaole Yin, Xiawan Zheng, Liguan Li, An-Ni Zhang, Xiao-Tao Jiang, Tong Zhang

《工程（英文）》 2023年第27卷第8期页码 234-241 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.011

摘要：

Antibiotic resistance, which is encoded by antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), has proliferated to become a growing threat to public health around the world. With technical advances, especially in the popularization of metagenomic sequencing, scientists have gained the ability to decipher the profiles of ARGs in diverse samples with high accuracy at an accelerated speed. To analyze thousands of ARGs in a highthroughput way, standardized and integrated pipelines are needed. The new version (v3.0) of the widely used ARGs online analysis pipeline (ARGs-OAP) has made significant improvements to both the reference database—the structured ARGs (SARG) database—and the integrated analysis pipeline. SARG has been enhanced with sequence curation to improve annotation reliability, incorporate emerging resistance genotypes, and determine rigorous mechanism classification. The database has been further organized and visualized online in the format of a tree-like structure with a dictionary. It has also been divided into sub-databases for different application scenarios. In addition, the ARGs-OAP has been improved with adjusted quantification methods, simplified tool implementation, and multiple functions with userdefined reference databases. Moreover, the online platform now provides a diverse biostatistical analysis workflow with visualization packages for the efficient interpretation of ARG profiles. The ARGs-OAP v3.0 with an improved database and analysis pipeline will benefit academia, governmental management, and consultation regarding risk assessment of the environmental prevalence of ARGs.

关键词： SARG database ARGs-OAP Antibiotic-resistance genes Environmental metagenome Quantification

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Reconfigurable manufacturing systems: Principles, design, and future trends

Yoram KOREN, Xi GU, Weihong GUO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第2期页码 121-136 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0483-0

摘要：

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs), which possess the advantages of both dedicated serial lines and flexible manufacturing systems, were introduced in the mid-1990s to address the challenges initiated by globalization. The principal goal of an RMS is to enhance the responsiveness of manufacturing systems to unforeseen changes in product demand. RMSs are cost-effective because they boost productivity, and increase the lifetime of the manufacturing system. Because of the many streams in which a product may be produced on an RMS, maintaining product precision in an RMS is a challenge. But the experience with RMS in the last 20 years indicates that product quality can be definitely maintained by inserting in-line inspection stations. In this paper, we formulate the design and operational principles for RMSs, and provide a state-of-the-art review of the design and operations methodologies of RMSs according to these principles. Finally, we propose future research directions, and deliberate on how recent intelligent manufacturing technologies may advance the design and operations of RMSs.

关键词： reconfigurable manufacturing systems responsiveness intelligent manufacturing

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Application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing: Theoretical basis, realistic plights

Qiang ZHANG, Baoyu LIAO, Shanlin YANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 578-591 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0137-x

摘要： Blockchain technology is considered one of the promising technologies of the information technology era. The core features of blockchain, such as decentralization, transparency, high security, and tamper-proof nature, bring great convenience for large-scale social cooperation and data sharing. Blockchain has a broad application prospect in the field of intelligent manufacturing. The key issues of this field, such as distributed collaborative production, industrial big data sharing and security, transparent logistics, and supply chain, are naturally consistent with the core characteristics of the blockchain technology. This study aims to analyze the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing. First, we introduce the basic connotation and applications of blockchain. Then, we propose the theoretical basis for the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing. Finally, we point out the realistic plights and provide some suggestions to promote the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing.

关键词： blockchain technology intelligent manufacturing networked collaborative manufacturing full life-cycle management manufacturing model innovation

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中国制造业发展的成就、经验与问题研究

李平,李晓华

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第7期页码 41-40

摘要：

改革开放30多年来，中国制造业建立起完善的和具有国际竞争力的现代制造业体系、在世界制造格局中占有举足轻重的地位。中国制造业发展成就的取得归功于坚持改革开放政策、保持稳定的社会经济环境、建设完善的公共基础设施、发挥地方政府的积极性和高度重视创新和科技进步。制约中国制造业进一步转型升级的体制、机制和政策问题仍然存在。

关键词：中国制造制造业制造大国制造强国

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智能制造推动我国制造业全面创新升级

钟志华,臧冀原,延建林,苗仲桢,杨晓迎,古依莎娜

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第6期页码 136-142 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.018

摘要：

我国抓牢新一轮科技革命和产业变革的历史机遇，加快发展智能制造并取得了积极成效。也要注意到，我国智能制造整体发展仍处于初级阶段，不平衡不充分的矛盾较为突出，持续深入推进智能制造面临挑战。近年来，我国启动了从制造大国迈向制造强国的发展进程，加快制造业由大变强、全面创新升级的发展步伐，但升级的技术路线仍需更加明确。研究认为，新时期新阶段我国制造业要实现全面创新升级，应坚持智能制造发展的主攻方向，优化调整总体技术路线，即数字化制造、数字化网络化制造、数字化网络化智能化制造“并行推进、融合发展”；企业实施智能制造战略，应深度融合数字化网络化智能化赋能技术、先进制造技术，注重产品创新、生产创新、模式创新、制造系统集成创新，力争实现整体性突破。

关键词：中国制造智能制造数字化制造数字化网络化制造数字化网络化智能化制造

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Review of materials used in laser-aided additive manufacturing processes to produce metallic products

Xiaodong NIU, Surinder SINGH, Akhil GARG, Harpreet SINGH, Biranchi PANDA, Xiongbin PENG, Qiujuan ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 282-298 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0526-1

摘要： Rapid prototyping (RP) or layered manufacturing (LM) technologies have been extensively used to manufacture prototypes composed mainly of plastics, polymers, paper, and wax due to the short product development time and low costs of these technologies. However, such technologies, with the exception of selective laser melting and sintering, are not used to fabricate metallic products because of the resulting poor life, short cycle, poor surface finish, and low structural integrity of the fabricated parts. The properties endowed by these parts do not match those of functional parts. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted to develop new additive manufacturing (AM) technologies by extending existing RP technologies. Several AM technologies have been developed for the fabrication of metallic objects. These technologies utilize materials, such as Ni-, Al-, and Ti-based alloys and stainless steel powders, to fabricate high-quality functional components. The present work reviews the type of materials used in laser-based AM processes for the manufacture of metallic products. The advantages and disadvantages of processes and different materials are summarized, and future research directions are discussed in the final section. This review can help experts select the ideal type of process or technology for the manufacturing of elements composed of a given alloy or material (Ni, Ti, Al, Pb, and stainless steel).

关键词： direct metal deposition laser-based manufacturing rapid manufacturing selective laser melting additive manufacturing

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农机装备制造业服务型制造模式研究

罗建强,张弛

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第1期页码 178-186 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.01.704

摘要：

农机装备制造业是确保粮食安全、助推农业现代化的重要基础。我国农机装备制造业服务型制造处于萌芽探索阶段，服务化水平落后于国际先进水平，难以满足当前农业生产、未来产业高质量发展的需要。本文基于我国农机装备制造业当前的发展现状，深度分析3家全球知名的农机装备制造企业服务化转型案例及经验，在此基础上归纳提炼了适用于我国国情的农机装备制造业服务型制造的3类模式。研究发现，农机装备制造业服务型制造模式实现具有较强的情境依赖性，服务能力是面向对象与面向组织的集成体，农机装备制造业服务型制造模式具有较强的收敛性。为此建议，加强农机装备制造产业内外合作，整合国际优势资源；培养专业农机服务队伍，塑造错位竞争优势；聚焦我国农事难题，开展技术与服务双创新。

关键词：服务型制造；制造业服务化；农机装备制造业；农事解决方案

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An identification method for enclosed voids restriction in manufacturability design for additive manufacturing

Shutian LIU,Quhao LI,Wenjiong CHEN,Liyong TONG,Gengdong CHENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第2期页码 126-137 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0340-3

摘要：

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM), have become the powerful tools for direct manufacturing of complex parts. This breakthrough in manufacturing technology makes the fabrication of new geometrical features and multiple materials possible. Past researches on designs and design methods often focused on how to obtain desired functional performance of the structures or parts, specific manufacturing capabilities as well as manufacturing constraints of AM were neglected. However, the inherent constraints in AM processes should be taken into account in design process. In this paper, the enclosed voids, one type of manufacturing constraints of AM, are investigated. In mathematics, enclosed voids restriction expressed as the solid structure is simply-connected. We propose an equivalent description of simply-connected constraint for avoiding enclosed voids in structures, named as virtual temperature method (VTM). In this method, suppose that the voids in structure are filled with a virtual heating material with high heat conductivity and solid areas are filled with another virtual material with low heat conductivity. Once the enclosed voids exist in structure, the maximum temperature value of structure will be very high. Based upon this method, the simply-connected constraint is equivalent to maximum temperature constraint. And this method can be easily used to formulate the simply-connected constraint in topology optimization. The effectiveness of this description method is illustrated by several examples. Based upon topology optimization, an example of 3D cantilever beam is used to illustrate the trade-off between manufacturability and functionality. Moreover, the three optimized structures are fabricated by FDM technology to indicate further the necessity of considering the simply-connected constraint in design phase for AM.

关键词： additive manufacturing topology optimization manufacturability constraints design for additive manufacturing simply-connected constraint

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“制造强国”评价指标历史发展趋势及特征分析

王迪,赵蔷,古依莎娜,刘丹

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第7期页码 108-107

摘要：

本文主要对“制造强国”评价指标体系中的18个二级指标的历史发展趋势做了详细分析，总结了各国在工业化初期、中期、后期及后工业化时期的变动特点，同时也对指标特征进行了汇总，包括指标的上下限、独立性、关联性等，并对主要特点进行了归纳。

关键词：制造业制造大国制造强国评价指标发展趋势

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智能制造——比较性综述与研究进展 Review

王柏村, 陶飞, 方续东, 刘超, 刘宇飞, Theodor Freiheit

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第6期页码 738-757 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.017

摘要： “Smart manufacturing” (SM)和“Intelligent manufacturing” (IM)这两个名词已被科研人员和制造业从业者作为专用术语广泛使用

关键词：智能制造工业4.0 人–信息–物理系统

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面向高端装备制造业的高端制造装备需求趋势分析

张俊,卢秉恒

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 136-141 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.019

摘要：

高端制造装备是高端装备制造业快速发展的基础，本文针对航空装备、航天装备、轨道交通装备、海洋工程装备、智能制造装备等高端装备制造业的“十三五”发展趋势，分析了各领域对高端机床和高端基础制造装备提出的新需求和未来的发展重点，并结合我国制造装备行业的现状，提出了几点建议，以促进我国高端装备制造业的良性发展。

关键词：高端装备制造业高端制造装备机床基础制造装备